Ludi ranged in duration and scope from one-day or even half-day events to spectacular multi-venue celebrations held over several days, with religious ceremonies and public feasts, horse and chariot racing, athletics, plays and recitals, beast-hunts and gladiator fights. In Roman tradition, the earliest triumphal ludi at the Circus were vowed by Tarquin the Proud to Jupiter in the late Regal era for his victory over Pometia. Others might be given to fulfill a religious vow, such as the games in celebration of a triumph. Most were held annually or at annual intervals on the Roman calendar. Ludi were sponsored by leading Romans or the Roman state for the benefit of the Roman people ( populus Romanus) and gods. The Circus was Rome's largest venue for ludi, public games connected to Roman religious festivals. The Circus lies between the Aventine (left) and Palatine (right) the oval structure to the far right is the Colosseum.
The secutor (`pursuer’)was distingusihed by his helmet with two eye-holes.ĩ Gladiators were originally slaves, prisoners of war or condemned criminals but under the Empire perhaps more than half of the fighters were free men who were prepared to risk death for money and glory.Model of Rome in the 4th century AD, by Paul Bigot. The retiarius (`net-man’) was armed only with his net and a trident. The patron could decide whether a defeated gladiator lived or died.ĥ Different types of gladiator were equipped in different ways, as exemplified in this mosaic from Leptis Magna in north Africa.Ħ One popular variety was the murmillo, named after a kind of fish that his helmet was thought to resemble.ħ The thrāx (`Thracian’ ) had both legs protected but a smaller shield.Ĩ The retiarius (`net-man’) was armed only with his net and a trident
The chariot driver (aurīga) waited behind the barrier at the start (carcer, which also meant `prison’), and, when the starting cloth (mappa) was dropped, they raced around the central reservation (spīna, which also meant `tooth-pick’)Ģ The charioteers were organised in teams distinguished by different colours, with the venetī (`Blues’) and prasinī (`Greens’) the most popular in the imperial period.ģ The Colosseum (or Amphitheatrum Flavianum), built in the first century, was Rome’s main venue for gladiator fights.Ĥ Gladiator contests, like other shows, were put on at the expense of a patron (often the emperor himself) and members of the public were admitted free to the ordinary seats.
The chariot driver (aurīga) waited behind the barrier at the start (carcer,"- Presentation transcript:ġ Chariot races were held at the Circus Maximus at the foot of the Palatine Hill. Presentation on theme: "Chariot races were held at the Circus Maximus at the foot of the Palatine Hill.
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